What are the differences in driver injury outcomes at highway-rail grade crossings? Untangling the role of pre-crash behaviors

Crashes at highway-rail grade crossings can result in severe injuries and fatalities to vehicle occupants. Using a crash database from the Federal Railroad Administration (N = 15,639 for 2004–2013), this study explores differences in safety outcomes from crashes between passive controls (Crossbucks and STOP signs) and active controls (flashing lights, gates, audible warnings and highway signals). To address missing data, an imputation model is developed, creating a complete dataset for estimation. Path analysis is used to quantify the direct and indirect associations of passive and active controls with pre-crash behaviors and crash outcomes in terms of injury severity. The framework untangles direct and indirect associations of controls by estimating two models, one for pre-crash driving behaviors (e.g., driving around active controls), and another model for injury severity. The results show that while the presence of gates is not directly associated with injury severity, the indirect effect through stopping behavior is statistically significant (95% confidence level) and substantial. Drivers are more likely to stop at gates that also have flashing lights and audible warnings, and stopping at gates is associated with lower injury severity. This indirect association lowers the chances of injury by 16%, compared with crashes at crossings without gates. Similar relationships between other controls and injury severity are explored. Generally, crashes occurring at active controls are less severe than crashes at passive controls. The results of study can be used to modify Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) to account for crash injury severity. The study contributes to enhancing the understanding of safety by incorporating pre-crash behaviors in a broader framework that quantifies correlates of crash injury severity at active and passive crossings.     

Can child-pedestrians’ hazard perception skills be enhanced?

ObjectiveTraffic collisions yield a substantial rate of morbidity and injury among child-pedestrians. We explored the formation of an innovative hazard perception training intervention – Child-pedestrians Anticipate and Act Hazard Perception Training (CA²HPT). Training was based upon enhancing participants’ ability to anticipate potential hazards by exposing them to an array of traffic scenes viewed from different angles.MethodTwenty-four 7–9-year-olds have participated. Trainees underwent a 40-min intervention of observing typical residential traffic scenarios in a simulated dome projection environment while engaging in a hazard detection task. Trainees were encouraged to note differences between the scenarios presented to them from separate angles (a pedestrian's point-of-view and a higher perspective angle). Next, trainees and control group members were required to perform crossing decision tasks.ResultsTrainees were found to be more aware of potential hazards related to restricted field of view relative to control.ConclusionsChild pedestrians are responsive to training and actively detecting materialized hazards may enrich child-pedestrians’ ability to cross roads.     

综采面过风氧化带矿压差异性及安全措施

通过现场实测,研究了西曲煤矿28301综采工作面过风氧化带前与过风氧化带时,上覆岩层矿压显现规律的差异性,制定了工作面过风氧化带的安全措施,保证了工作面的安全高效生产。     

Highly efficient full-fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes with exciplex cohosts

Full-fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs) with low cost and high efficiency are imperious demands for commercial process in flat panel display and lighting products. We fabricated a series of FOLEDs employing C545T and DCJTB as doped dyes and different exciplex blends as cohosts. The results proved that reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) efficiency of exciplex cohost has a significant effect on the device performance. Devices with TAPC:PIM-TRZ as cohost which possessed the highest RISC efficiency showed the best results. The green FOLEDs exhibited the maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) approaching to 20%, the red FOLEDs exhibited EQEs over 10% and all the EQE roll-offs are less than 10% at 1000 cd m⁻², which are among the best reported results so far, suggesting these exciplex cohosts are promising for FOLEDs.     

地铁一号线徐家汇站穿越施工影响的数值分析

以上海轨道交通九号线徐家汇站工程的实际施工为背景，对徐家汇站中央换乘大厅改建施工、轨道交通九号线对一号线徐家汇站穿越段施工进行三维有限元分析，模拟了施工过程对地铁一号线的影响。得出了一些规律性的认识和有价值的结论，给施工提出了一些有益的建议。     

浅谈城市道路交叉口交通改善设计

针对城市道路交叉口交通阻塞现象严重的问题,对现状平面交叉口存在的问题进行了分析,根据道路平交路口的交通特征,从渠化、行人过街安全、交通控制设施等方面探讨了平面交叉口的改善设计,以提高交叉口的通行能力。     

西安实施公共汽车专用道(路)的可行性初探

公共汽车专用道（路）是一种速度较快、运送能力较大、建设周期短、投资省、见效快的公共客运道路，也是一种从常规公共交通过渡到快速轨道交通的中间形式。特别在西安市还不具备大量投资修建快速轨道交通的经济能力之前，公共汽车专用道是解决西安市公共汽车运营速度低、车辆拥挤的好办法之一，西安市在道路及管理方面有其自己的优势，应该利用这种优势，尽早修建西安市的公共汽车专用道（路）。     

福州市城门-青口段过江管设计和施工

结合福州市城门—青口段的DN600过江管工程,总结了穿越长距离河道工程的设计和施工要点,指出在施工前应注意收集基础资料。该工程采用了给水聚乙烯PE100管材作为过江管材,这在过江管施工中是一次新的尝试。     

浦东国际机场飞行区地下穿越规划研究

在分析上海浦东国际机场飞行区现状的基础上,结合2004年修订后的浦东国际机场总体规划及浦东国际机场建设计划,分析了浦东国际机场飞行区地下穿越的需求。同时根据机场飞行区线路布置的限制条件,对存在地下穿越需求的通道,结合场道和管线布置进行了规划可行性分析,并对可选方案进行了比较,提出了建议方案。     

输气管道江底隧道穿越的探讨

总结了输气管道过江河的几种常用方式的优缺点。以陕京二线天然气管道穿越黄河工程为例,论述了在江(河)底建隧道安装大型天然气管道工艺具有工程质量优、建设造价低、管理维护方便、用途可扩充等诸多优点,建议进一步推广应用。